Current and future directions in the prevention and treatment of Malaria

Abstract

The Plasmodium parasite, which is what causes malaria, is spread by the Anopheles
mosquito. The two most frequent human Plasmodium infections are caused by Plasmodium vivax and
Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Infected insects spread the illness by biting humans, and the
disease then proceeds to infiltrate and kill human cells at every stage of development. Malaria is
responsible for the deaths of millions of people every year, the vast majority of whom are residents of
developing nations in Africa and Asia. In order to reduce malaria transmission, it is necessary to take
preventative measures, such as controlling vectors, using insecticide-treated mosquito nets, engaging
in seasonal malaria chemoprevention, and providing intermittent preventive medication to babies and
pregnant women. Vaccines like RTS,S/AS01 and PfSPZ, among many others, are available thanks to the
work of the World Health Organization and other researchers. Many anti-malarial medications are now
showing signs of resistance, yet treatment standards have not altered in a long time. Symptoms such as
fever, difficulty breathing, and a sudden onset of headache are shared by both COVID-19 and malaria,
which may lead to incorrect diagnosis. This article summarizes the progress made toward a global
decrease in malaria incidence and provides context for upcoming clinical trials.