Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Clinical Samples of Patients with Urinary Tract and Surgical Site Infections in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

Community and hospital-acquired illnesses may be caused by either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The rise,
development, and dissemination of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials are among the world's leading health concerns.
Bacteria employ biofilm development as a method of resistance. The purpose of this research was to examine Staphylococcus
aureus and Enterobacteriaceae isolates for their antibiotic resistance profile and their capacity to produce biofilms.
Methods: Patients at Hôpital Biamba Marie Mutombo and Saint Joseph Hospital were sampled for urinary tract and surgical
site infections, yielding a total of 18 Staphylococcus aureus and 60 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates. Disk-diffusion testing
was used to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. The capacity of bacterial strains to create and form un
biofilm was evaluated using the microtiter plate technique.
Antibiotic and biofilm producer resistance was found to be very common among clinical isolates of S. aureus and
Enterobacteriacea. Complete resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic
acid, levofloxacin, and aztreonam was also seen in S. aureus strains. Third-generation cephalosporins, imipenem, and
amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were all completely ineffective against strains of E. coli, Enterobacter sp., Citrobacter sp., and
Serratia sp. The capacity to create a biofilm was not linked to resistance to antibiotics.
The findings of the current research show that MDR-TB is on the rise, and they recommend setting up a program to track the
development of resistance to antibiotics.