Modulation of Immune Responses by Exosomes Derived from Antigen-Presenting Cells

Abstract

The mediating role of exosome-mediated signalling in the inflammatory response is significant. Exosomes
transport a wide variety of biomacromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, coding and non-coding RNAs, and a
variety of lengths of RNA, to the cells they infect in order to carry out their biological or pathological activities.
Therapeutic effects may be conferred by attenuating or boosting the immune response via exosomes released by
antigen-presenting cells. In order to modify T cell responses specific to antigens, exosomes are essential for
transporting and displaying functional major histocompatibility peptide complexes. Dendritic cell (DC) exosomes
have immunostimulatory capabilities and have been investigated for use in cancer treatment due to their ability
to stimulate T and B cells. In animal models of several inflammatory diseases, exosomes produced by
macrophages and DCs have immunosuppressive characteristics that alleviate inflammation. Research on
exosomes produced by dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (macrophages) is the primary emphasis of this
review, which aims to shed light on the protective function of exosomes in reducing inflammation and enhancing
the immune response.